Evaluation of Screws Positioning in Latarjet Surgery: Is There a Correlation between Parallelism to Glenoid and Radiographic Complications? / Avaliação do posicionamento dos parafusos na cirurgia de Latarjet: Existe correlação entre paralelismo à glenoide e complicações radiográficas?

Abstract Objective To evaluate whether the parallelism of screws with glenoid in Latarjet surgery interferes in the positioning of the graft and to verify the reproducibility of a method of measuring screws positioning. Methods Retrospective, multicenter study, of patients with anterior shoulder instability submitted to modified Latarjet surgery and at least one year of postoperative follow-up. Two radiologists analyzed the postoperative tomographic images, acquired in a database, to evaluate the positioning of screws and radiographic complications. Results We evaluated 34 patients, aged between 21 and 60 years, one of them with bilateral shoulder involvement, totaling 35 shoulders evaluated. The tomographic evaluation of the inclination angles of the screws showed no difference between the observers. There was intra- and interobserver agreement to evaluate the following surgical parameters: graft position, presence or not of radiographic complications. Conclusion The technique described for measuring the parallelism of screws in Latarjet surgery presented a very good and excellent intra-observer agreement, respectively. Screw parallelism with glenoid is recommended; however, it is not a mandatory and unique condition to avoid radiographic complications.

Resumo Objetivo Avaliar se o paralelismo dos parafusos com a glenoide na cirurgia de Latarjet interfere no posicionamento do enxerto e verificar a reprodutibilidade de um método de mensuração da posição dos parafusos. Métodos Estudo retrospectivo, multicêntrico, de pacientes com instabilidade anterior do ombro submetidos à cirurgia de Latarjet modificada e no mínimo 1 ano de seguimento pós-operatório. Dois médicos radiologistas analisaram as imagens tomográficas pós-operatórias, adquiridas em um banco de dados, para avaliação do posicionamento dos parafusos e das complicações radiográficas. Resultados Foram avaliados 34 pacientes, com idades entre 21 e 60 anos, sendo que um deles tinha acometimento bilateral dos ombros, totalizando 35 ombros avaliados. A avaliação tomográfica dos ângulos de inclinação dos parafusos não apresentou diferença entre os observadores. Houve concordância intra e interobservador para avaliação dos seguintes parâmetros cirúrgicos: posição do enxerto, presença ou não de complicações radiográficas. Conclusão A técnica descrita para mensuração do paralelismo dos parafusos na cirurgia de Latarjet apresentou uma concordância intra e inter observador muito boa e excelente, respectivamente. O paralelismo do parafuso com a glenoide é recomendado; no entanto, não é condição obrigatória e única para se evitar as complicações radiográficas.

Abdominal symptoms as initial manifestation of COVID-19: a case series / Sintomas abdominais como manifestação inicial da COVID-19: uma série de casos

ABSTRACT The COVID-19 became a pandemic in early 2020. It was found, at first, that the main manifestations of this new virus occur through respiratory and constitutional symptoms. Therefore, chest tomography was elected as the best imaging test to assess the extent of pulmonary involvement and as a good prognostic predictor for the disease. However, as new studies were produced, the gastrointestinal involvement of COVID-19 becomes more evident, with reports from patients who manifested mainly or only gastrointestinal symptoms in the course of the disease. Thus, in some cases, the initial investigation is carried out at the emergency department with an abdominal computed tomography. We report a case series of ten patients who came to the emergency department of our institution with a chief gastrointestinal complaint, and were initially submitted to an abdominal computed tomography as the first investigation. Although most of the patients did not have significant changes in the abdominal images, most reported patients had pulmonary findings visualized at the lung bases, which were later designated as typical COVID-19 pulmonary findings on chest computed tomography. Only one patient had atypical COVID-19 lung changes on chest computed tomography. All patients had a positive real-time polymerase chain reaction for COVID-19. It is imperative to alert radiologists, especially abdominal radiologists, with the possibility of COVID-19 isolated gastrointestinal symptoms. Besides, it must become a habit to radiologists to assess the pulmonary basis on abdominal scans, a site commonly affected by the new coronavirus.

RESUMO A COVID-19 foi declarada uma pandemia no início de 2020. Constatou-se, inicialmente, que as principais manifestações desse novo vírus ocorrem por meio de sintomas respiratórios e constitucionais. A tomografia do tórax foi eleita o exame de imagem para avaliar a extensão do comprometimento pulmonar e como um fator preditivo do prognóstico para a doença. No entanto, à medida que novos estudos são produzidos, o envolvimento gastrointestinal da COVID-19 torna-se mais evidente, com relatos de pacientes que manifestaram principalmente ou apenas sintomas gastrointestinais no decorrer da doença. Em alguns casos, a investigação inicial é realizada no pronto-socorro, com tomografia computadorizada do abdome. Relatamos uma série de casos de dez pacientes que compareceram ao serviço de emergência da instituição com uma queixa principal gastrointestinal e foram submetidos inicialmente a uma tomografia computadorizada de abdome como primeira investigação. Embora a maioria dos pacientes não tenha apresentado alterações significativas nas imagens abdominais, eles apresentaram achados pulmonares visualizados nas bases pulmonares, que depois foram caracterizadas como achados pulmonares típicos de COVID-19 nas tomografias de tórax subsequentes. Apenas um paciente apresentou achados atípicos para COVID-19 na tomografia. Todos os pacientes tiveram reação em cadeia da polimerase em tempo real positiva para o novo coronavírus. É muito importante alertar os radiologistas, principalmente os radiologistas abdominais, da possibilidade de sintomas gastrointestinais isolados no contexto da COVID-19. Além disso, deve ser um hábito para todos os radiologistas avaliar as bases pulmonares nas tomografias de abdome, local comumente afetado pela COVID-19.

Delayed diagnosis of a primary intraosseous squamous cell carcinoma: A case report

Primary intraosseous squamous cell carcinoma is a rare malignant central jaw tumor derived from odontogenic epithelial remnants. Predominantly, it affects mandible, although both jaw bones may be involved. This report describes a 60-year-old man who was initially misdiagnosed with a periapical infection related to the right lower wisdom tooth. After four months, the patient presented to a private dental clinic with a massive swelling at the right side of the mandible. Panoramic radiographs and advanced imaging revealed a lesion with complete erosion of the right ramus, which extended to the orbital floor. A biopsy from the mandibular angle revealed large pleomorphic atypical squamous cells, which is the primary microscopic feature of a poorly differentiated squamous cell carcinoma.

CT and MR features of hepatic ischemia/necrosis after hepatosplenic surgery and upper gastrointestinal hemorrhage / 中华肝胆外科杂志

Objective@#To investigate the CT and MR imaging features of hepatic ischemia/necrosis after hepatosplenic surgery and upper gastrointestinal hemorrhage.@*Methods@#A total of 36 patients diagnosed with hepatic ischemia/necrosis by both medical imaging and clinical diagnosis shortly after hepatosplenic surgery and upper gastrointestinal hemorrhage were collected, including 9 patients with liver cancer resection, 5 patients with liver cancer ablation (microwave ablation/radiofrequency ablation, argon-helium knife, alcohol injection), 11 patients with spleen resection, and 11 patients with upper gastrointestinal bleeding. Conventional liver CT and / or MR plain and dynamic enhancement scan were performed to comprehensively analyze the morphology and density/signal performance of the lesions.@*Results@#(1) Number of lesions: All cases had multiple lesions. (2) Distribution of lesions: scattered in the liver lobes, clustered or regional distribution, mainly in the periphery of the liver. (3) Size of lesions: the boundary of the nodular lesion was clear, and the single maximum diameter was 1.0-1.5 cm. It can be fused into a wedge-shaped patch or a segmental/sub-segmental large patch with a slight mass effect. (4) CT density or MR signal characteristics: CT plain scan showed slightly low density; MR plain scan showed slightly low signal on T1WI, high signal on T2WI, slightly high signal on DWI and no lipid/fat on dual phase imaging; 24 out of 36 cases (66.7%) showed no enhancement, while some lesions showed thin ring enhancement on the edge; emboli were found in the main and/or branches of portal vein (21/36 cases, 58.3%). (5) In the short-term review (minimum 5 days), the lesions became smaller or disappeared, and the local liver volume became smaller or the surface was depressed.@*Conclusions@#Hepatic ischemia/necrosis occurs after hepatosplenic surgery and upper gastrointestinal hemorrhage. The imaging manifestations are multiple nodular or flaky hypovascular foci, and the short-term review shows a markedly improvement. It needs to be differentiated from infection and metastasis of malignant tumors after operation.

CT and MR features of hepatic ischemia/necrosis after hepatosplenic surgery and upper gastrointestinal hemorrhage / 中华肝胆外科杂志

Objective To investigate the CT and MR imaging features of hepatic ischemia/necrosis after hepatosplenic surgery and upper gastrointestinal hemorrhage.Methods A total of 36 patients diag-nosed with hepatic ischemia/necrosis by both medical imaging and clinical diagnosis shortly after hepato-splenic surgery and upper gastrointestinal hemorrhage were collected,including 9 patients with liver cancer resection,5 patients with liver cancer ablation(microwave ablation/radiofrequency ablation,argon-helium knife,alcohol injection),1 1 patients with spleen resection,and 11 patients with upper gastrointestinal bleeding.Conventional liver CT and/or MR plain and dynamic enhancement scan were performed to com-prehensively analyze the morphology and density/signal performance of the lesions.Results(1)Number of lesions:AU cases had multiple lesions.(2)Distribution of lesions:scattered in the liver lobes,clustered or regional distribution,mainly in the periphery of the liver.(3)Size of lesions:the boundary of the nodu-lar lesion was clear.and the single maximum diameter Was 1.0-1.5 ca.It can be fused into a wedge-shaped patch or a segmental/sub-segmental large patch with a slight mass effect.(4)CT density or MR sig-nal characteristics:CT plain scan showed slightly low density;MR plain scan showed slightly low signal on T1 WI,high signal on T2WI,slightly high signal on DWI and no lipid/fat on dual phase imaging;24 out of 36 cases(66.7％)showed no enhancement,while some lesions showed thin ring enhancement on the edge;emboli were found in the main and/or branches of portal vein(21/36 cases,58.3％).(5)In the short-term review(minimum 5 days),the lesions became smaller or disappeared,and the local liver volume be-came smaller or the surface was depressed.Conclusions Hepatic ischemia/necrosis OCCURS after hepato-splenic surgery and upper gastrointestinal hemorrhage.The imaging manifestations are multiple nodular or flaky hypovascular foci,and the short-term review shows a markedly improvement.It needs to be differentia-ted from infection and metastasis of malignant tumors after operation.

Imaging anatomy and clinical significance of the inferior pancreaticoduodenal veins / 中华消化外科杂志

Objective To investigate the imaging anatomy and clinical significance of the inferior pancreaticoduodenal veins (IPDVs).Methods The retrospective and descriptive study was conducted.The clinicopathological data of 42 patients with pancreatic head ductal adenocarcinoma who were admitted to Peking Union Medical College Hospital from January to June 2018 were collected.There were 24 males and 18 females,aged from 41 to 78 years,with an average age of 61 years.Patients received preoperative contrast-enhanced computed tomography (CT) examination with 1 mm slice thickness,and underwent corresponding surgery according to the preoperative evaluation.Observation indicators:(1) results of preoperative CT examination;(2) surgical situations.Normality of measurement data was analyzed using Shapiro-Wilk test.Measurement data with skewed distribution were described as M (QR) or M (range),and comparison between groups was analyzed by the Mann-Whitney U test.Count data were described as absolute number or percentage,and comparison between groups was analyzed by the chi-square test.Results (1) Results of preoperative CT examination:42 patients received preoperative contrast-enhanced CT examination with 1 mm slice thickness.① The first jejunal venous trunk was identified in all the 42 patients.The first jejunal venous trunk crossed dorsal to the superior mesenteric artery (SMA) in 34 patients and ventral to the SMA in 8 patients.② Of 42 patients,2 showed no IPDV,and 40 showed IPDV including 23 with 1 IPDV,13 with 2 IPDVs,3 with 3 IPDVs,and 1 with 4 IPDVs.A total of 62 IPDVs were identified in the 42 patients,with an average IPDV number of 1 (range,0-4).There were 43 IPDVs drained into first or second jejunal venous trunks and 19 IPDVs drained into superior mesenteric vein (SMV).③ Of 42 patients,type Ⅰ IPDV was identified in 32 patients including 20 with 1 IPDV drained into jejunal venous trunk at dorsal side of SMA,7 with 2 IPDVs drained into jejunal venous trunk at dorsal side of SMA,2 with 3 IPDVs drained into jejunal venous trunk at dorsal side of SMA,and 3 with 1 IPDV drained into jejunal venous trunk at ventral side of SMA,and non-type Ⅰ IPDV was identified in 10 patients;type Ⅱ IPDV was identified in 18 patients including 17 with 1 IPDV drained into SMV and 1 with 2 IPDVs drained into SMV,and non-type Ⅱ IPDV was identified in 24 patients.Some patients can simultaneously had type Ⅰ and type Ⅱ IPDV.(2) Surgical situations:42 patients underwent pancreatoduodenectomy,14 of which underwent laparoscopic surgery and 28 underwent open surgery.There were 5 cases with SMV or portal vein reconstruction,and 18 with intraoperative blood transfusion.All the 42 patients were diagnosed as pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma by postoperative pathological examination,including 30 of R0 resection and 12 of R1 resection.The volume of intraoperative blood loss,cases with intraoperative blood transfusion,cases with R0 and R1 resection (situation of surgical margin),cases with SMV or portal vein reconstruction were 650 mL(853 mL),15,20,12,4 in the 32 patients with type Ⅰ IPDV,aod 475 mL (480 mL),3,10,0,1 in the 10 patients with non-type Ⅰ IPDV;there were significant differences in the volume of intraoperative blood loss and situation of surgical margin (Z=94.000,x2=5.250,P＜ 0.05).There was no significant difference in the cases with intraoperative blood transfusion,cases with SMV or portal vein reconstruction between patients with type Ⅰ and non-type Ⅰ IPDV (x2 =0.045,0.886,P＞0.05).Conclusions IPDVs can be distinguished on the contrast-enhanced CT with slice thickness,and classified as IPDVs drained into SMV or jejunal venous trunk.It is necessary to carefully deal with IPDVs drained into jejunal venous trunk in the pancreaticoduodenectomy due to its more volume of intraoperative blood loss and lower R0 resection rate.

Application value of inferior vena cava venography in correlation between the subtypes of inferior vena cava obstruction and calcifications at the obstruction in Budd-Chiari syndrome / 中华消化外科杂志

Objective To investigate the application value of inferior vena cava venography in correlation between the subtypes of inferior vena cava obstruction and calcifications at the obstruction in Budd-Chiari syndrome (BCS).Methods The retrospective cross-sectional study was conducted.The clinical data of 41 patients with BCS who were admitted to the Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University between January 2009 and December 2016 were collected.There were 29 males and 12 females,aged (53±10)years,with a range of 34-70 years.Forty-one BCS patients underwent computed tomography (CT),inferior vena cava CT venography and digital subtraction angiography (DSA) within 2 weeks.Balloon dilatation and (or) endovascular stent implantation of inferior vena cava were performed according to calcification morphology and location of the inferior vena cava obstruction detected by DSA.Observation indicators:(1) calcifications of inferior vena cava obstruction;(2) intraoperative situations of interventional therapy;(3) correlation between the subtypes of inferior vena cava obstruction and calcifications at the obstruction;(4)follow-up and survival situations.Follow-up using outpatient examination of inferior vena cava venography was performed at 3,6,12,24,36,48 months postoperatively to detect postoperative clinical manifestations,complications and survival situations up to December 2018.Measurement data with normal distribution were represented as Mean±SD.Count data were represented as absolute number and comparison between groups was analyzed using the chi-square test.The likelihood ratio test was used to analyze the correlation between the subtypes of inferior vena cava obstruction and calcifications at the obstruction.The degree of correlation was detected by Cramer's V contingency coefficient.Results (1)Calcifications of inferior vena cava obstruction:of 41 patients,17 had no calcification at the inferior vena cava obstruction and 24 had calcifications at the obstruction.Calcification location in 24 patients:there were 17,4 and 3 patients with proximal,distal,both proximal and distal calcifications at the inferior vena cava obstruction,respectively.Calcification morphology:punctate and irregular calcifications were detected in 20 and 4 patients,respectively.Calcification distribution:20,3 and 1 patients had scattered,cluster and diffuse distribution,respectively.(2) Intraoperative situations of interventional therapy:of 41 patients,21 underwent balloon dilatation and 20 underwent balloon dilatation combined with endovascular stent implantation.Two patients were detected hematoma at the puncture site of right femoral vein and treated using pressure dressing.One patient encountered rupture of balloon due to diffuse calcifications at the inferior vena cava obstruction and was improved after continual replace of balloon for 3 times.One patient had pulmonary embolism caused by detachment of the thrombosis at the distal obstruction during the balloon dilatation and was given anticoagulation therapy combined with thrombolytic therapy using large-dose of urokinase.The other 37 patients underwent successful interventional therapy without exceptional circumstances.(3) Correlation between the subtypes of inferior vena cava obstruction and calcifications at the obstruction:of 24 patients with calcifications at the inferior vena cava obstruction,13 had membrane obstruction,7 had segmental obstruction and 4 had fenestrated membrane obstruction.Of 17 patients without calcifications at the inferior vena cava obstruction,3 had membrane obstruction,13 had segmental obstruction and 1 had fenestrated membrane obstruction.The likelihood ratio test showed that the subtypes of inferior vena cava obstruction were associated with calcifications at the obstruction (x2=9.293,P＜0.05),with the correlation coefficient V as 0.466.Further analysis showed a correlation between membrane obstruction of inferior vena cava and calcifications at the inferior vena cava obstruction (x2=8.121,P＜0.05),no correlation between segmental obstruction and calcifications at the inferior vena cava obstruction,also no correlation between fenestrated membrane obstruction and calcifications at the inferior vena cava obstruction (x2=3.395,0.004,P＞0.05).(4) Follow-up and survival situations:41 patients were followed up for 24.0-48.0 months,with a median time of 37.1 months.Postoperative ultrasound showed smooth backflow in the inferior vena cava,different degree of improvements in the lower limb swelling and varicosity in 38 patients.Embolisms in the inferior vena cava obstruction remained existent in 3 patients,1 of whom showed significant decreasing of embolisms.There were 2 patients found restenosis and undergoing endovascular stent implantation.All the 41 patients survived.Conclusions The subtypes of inferior vena cava obstruction are associated with calcifications at the obstruction in BCS.Inferior vena cava venography evaluating calcifications at the inferior vena cava obstruction in BCS can be helpful for diagnosing the subtypes of inferior vena cava obstruction and guiding its interventional therapy.

Correlation between the CT features and malignancy risk of small (≤5 cm) gastric stromal tumors / 中华肿瘤杂志

Objective@#To evaluate the correlation between computed tomography (CT) features and malignancy risk category of small (≤5 cm) gastric stromal tumors (GST), in order to provide an image reference for preoperative assessment and intraoperative pathological diagnosis.@*Methods@#Eighty-three patients with surgically and pathologically proven GST (≤5 cm) between January 2011 and November 2015 were recruited, and their clinical, pathological and CT data were retrospectively analyzed. According to the pathological results and malignancy risk category, the patients were divided into 2 groups, the benign biological behavior group (very low and low risk) and malignant biological behavior group (intermediate and high risk). The clinical, pathological and CT imaging findings of the two groups were analyzed. Based on the tumor diameter, the receiver operating characteristic curve (ROC) was applied to evaluate the sensitivity, specificity and the best cut-off point for distinguishing the malignancy risk between the two groups.@*Results@#The lobulation and ulceration of the tumors presented statistically significant difference for the malignancy risk between the two groups (χ2=6.273 and 4.163, respectively; all P<0.05), but there was no significant difference in the sex, clinical symptoms, serum ferritin, tumor site, growth pattern, cystis degeneration and calcification (all P>0.05). No statistically significant differences were detected for the tumor CT value, arterial CT value, venous CT value, degrees of enhancement in arterial phase (DEAP), enhancement in portal venous phase (DEPP), and patient′s age for distinguishing the malignancy risk between the two groups (all P>0.05). On the other hand, significant differences were found in the maximum diameter (Dmax) of tumor and the minimum diameter (Dmin) of tumor (t=-3.256 and -3.466, respectively; all P<0.05). When the cut-off point of Dmax was 1.6 cm, the area under the ROC curve, sensitivity and specificity were 0.704, 92.3% and 75.4%, respectively. When the cut-off point of Dmin was 1.5 cm, the area under the ROC curve, sensitivity and specificity were 0.713, 88.5% and 71.9%, respectively.@*Conclusion@#CT features of the GST (≤5 cm) may predict, before surgery, the malignancy risk of small gastric stromal tumors, and provide the an image reference for preoperative assessment and intraoperative pathological diagnosis of the disease.

Imaging characteristics of computed tomography examination in colon cancer combined with obstruction / 中华消化外科杂志

Objective To summarize the imaging characteristics and clinical diagnostic value of computed tomography (CT) examination in colon cancer combined with obstruction.Methods The clinical data of 33 patients with colon cancer combined with obstruction who were admitted to the Wuxi No.2 People's Hospital from June 2012 to March 2015 were retrospectively analyzed.All the patients received abdomianl plain scan and dualphase enhanced scan of CT,and the imaging data were summarized.Results Of 33 patients with colon cancer combined with obstruction,obstruction was located at the ascending colon in 9 patients,hepatic flexure of the colon in 2 patients,colon transverse in 7 patients,splenic flexure of the colon in 3 patients,descending colon in 3 patients,sigmoid colon in 7 patients and proctosigmoid in 2 patients.Thirty-three patients had irregular and thickened colonic wall at the obstructive segment and irregular constriction of colonic lumen,with a mean coloric wall thickness of 1.9 cm (range,0.6-3.2 cm).The length of constriction was 2.0-3.0 cm in 3 patients,3.1-4.0 cm in 3 patients,4.1-5.0 cm in 11 patients,5.1-8.0 cm in 12 patients and more than 8.0 cm in 4 patients.The mean length,diameter and mean diameter of the constriction of 33 patients were 5.8 cm,0-0.5 cm and 0.2 cm.The performance at the junction of the normal wall and the stenosis was scuff syndrome in 7 patients and shoulder symptoms in 5 patients.Colonic dilatation above the obstructive segment was detected in 26 patients with multiple gas-fluid levels and in 7 patients with mainly gas.Twenty-nine patients had colonic dilatation at the proximal end of obstruction with the diameter of right colonic dilatation of 6.0 cm,diameter of left colonic dilatation of 4.0 cm and colonic collapse at the distal end of obstruction.Thirty-three patients had different grades of cecal dilatation with a mean diameter of 6.9 cm.Three patients had ischemic colitis including 1 patient with colonic perforation and free underarm gas.The serosal invasion or organ involvement of colon cancer was detected in 25 patients with unclear boundary and cable-strip or nodular opacities.Fourteen patients had lymph node metastases,with surrounding tumor or retroperitoneal heterogeneous enhancement,sacvariable necrosis area,short-tempered edge of lymph node,bar-type exudation surrounding some of lymph node.There was 3 patients with hepatic metastases and 1 with pulmonary metastasis.Conclusion Irregular and thickened colonic wall,irregular constriction of colonic lumen,scuff syndrome and shoulder symptoms at the junction of the normal wall,colonic dilatation above the obstructive segment and multiple gas-fluid levels are mainly characterics of CT examination for colon cancer combined with obstruction.

Research on CT diagnosis of hypoxic ischemic encephalopathy in neonates / 中国医学装备

Objective:Imaging features of hypoxic ischemic encephalopathy in neonates on CT scan were analyzed.Methods: Eight six cases of hypoxic ischemic encephalopathy in neonates were collected, and the pathogenesis, CT image characteristics were analyzed.Results: All of 86 cases have brain edema in different degree, and complicated with subarachnoid hemorrhage in 29 cases, subarachnoid and subdural hemorrhage in three cases, intracranial hemorrhage breaking into ventricles in one case and subdural hemorrhage with subcutaneous bleeding in one case.Conclusion: CT scan is valuable for detect the hypoxic ischemic encephalopathy in neonates and its follow-up examination.

Lung Cancer Screening / 한양의대학술지

Lung cancer is the leading cause of cancer-related mortality worldwide, including in Korea. Although various treatment modalities have been developed, the prognosis of patients with lung cancer is still very unfavorable. Most patients with lung cancer are diagnosed at an advanced stage, and palliative care remains the only therapeutic option for these patients. Accordingly, early detection of lung cancer may lead to a decrease in lung cancer-related mortality. Therefore, considerable interest has been generated in the development of screening tools to detect lung cancer at an early stage. Although chest radiography and sputum cytological evaluation have been used to screen patients for lung cancer, the sensitivity and specificity of these procedures are not adequate. Recently, low-dose computed tomography (LDCT) has emerged as a promising screening technique, and several trials have demonstrated its benefit in the high-risk population. One such well-designed and well-conducted trial, the National Lung Screening Trial (NLST), showed a 20% reduction in lung cancer-related mortality. Based on the results of NLST and other trials, screening for lung cancer using LDCT is recommended in asymptomatic patients who are at a high risk for lung cancer, with regard to age and smoking history. The present report is a comprehensive review of available evidence on the benefits and risks of lung cancer screening and summarizes some recommendations.

Keratocystic odontogenic tumor: case report with CT and ultrasonography findings

Keratocystic odontogenic tumor (KCOT) is a benign odontogenic tumor with a potentially aggressive and infiltrative behavior. KCOT is most commonly occurred in mandible and demonstrate a unilocular, round, oval, scalloped radiolucent area, while large lesions may appear multilocular. An important characteristic of KCOT is its propensity to grow in an antero-posterior direction within medullary cavity of bone causing minimal expansion. Definitive diagnosis relies on histological examination. In this report, a KCOT that had an expansion both buccal and lingual cortical bone is described including its features in computed tomography and ultrasonographic exams. The lesion was removed surgically via an intraoral approach under local anesthesia and histologically reported as a KCOT.

Avaliação radiográfica do colapso sagital do Mal de Pott / Evaluación radiológica de la cifosis sagital en la tuberculosis vertebral / Radiographic evaluation of sagital kyphosis in spinal tuberculosis

OBJETIVO: avaliar o colapso sagital dos pacientes com tuberculose vertebral tratados pelo modo conservador. MÉTODOS: revisão dos prontuários de pacientes do Grupo de Cirurgia da Coluna atendidos na Santa Casa de Misericórdia de São Paulo. A deformidade em cifose foi aferida pelo método de Cobb e da cifose segmentar. RESULTADOS: do total de 123 pacientes, 33 (68,8) foram submetidos a tratamento conservador, sendo 17 (51 por cento) pacientes do sexo masculino e 16 (48,8 por cento) do sexo feminino. A idade variou de 3 a 87 anos com média de 44,1 anos. Houve aumento da cifotização local em 20 pacientes (60,6 por cento) e da cifose segmentar em 23 (69,6 por cento), sendo que o de pior prognóstico de progressão foi a nível toracolombar (11,3º; p<0,05). CONCLUSÃO: nesta série de casos de tuberculose vertebral tratados sem cirurgia a evolução radiológica foi satisfatória.

OBJECTIVE: to evaluate the radiographic outcomes of patients treated for spinal tuberculosis. METHODS: the charts of patients of the Spine Surgery attended at the Santa Casa de Misericórdia de São Paulo were reviewed. The kyphotic deformities were measured by Cobb's method. RESULTS: of the 123 patients, 33 (68. 8 percent) were treated conservatively, 17 (51 percent) were male and 16 (48.8 percent) were female. Age ranged from 3 to 87 with a mean of 44.1 years. We noticed the increase of local kyphosis in 20 patients (60.6 percent) and segmental kyphosis in 23 (69.6 percent), with the worst prognosis of progression at the thoracolumbar (11.3 percent), with a statistically significant difference (p <0.05). CONCLUSION: the empirical therapy based on clinical diagnosis radiological showed good radiographic findings in this series of cases treated conservatively.

OBJETIVO: evaluar los resultados radiológicos de los pacientes tratados por tuberculosis vertebral. MÉTODOS: la revisión de los prontuarios de pacientes del Grupo de la Columna asistidos en la Santa Casa de Misericordia de São Paulo. La cifosis se mide por el método de Cobb y por la cifosis segmentar. RESULTADOS: de los 123 pacientes, 33 (el 68,8 por ciento) fueron tratados de forma conservadora, 17 (51 por ciento) pacientes eran varones y 16 (48,8 por ciento) eran mujeres. Las edades oscilan entre 3 y 87 años, con una media de 44,1 años. Se observó el aumento de la cifosis local en 20 pacientes (60,6 por ciento) y de la cifosis segmentaria en 23 (69,6 por ciento), el peor pronóstico de la progresión está en la toracolombar (11,3), aunque estadísticamente significativo que diferencia (p<0,05). CONCLUSIÓN: el tratamiento empírico basado en clínica X de diagnóstico radiológico de tórax mostró buenos resultados en esta serie de casos tratados de forma conservadora.

Diagnostic imaging analysis of the impacted mesiodens / 대한구강악안면방사선학회지

PURPOSE: The research was performed to predict the three dimensional relationship between the impacted mesiodens and the maxillary central incisors and the proximity with the anatomic structures by comparing their panoramic images with the CT images. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Among the patients visiting Seoul National University Dental Hospital from April 2003 to July 2007, those with mesiodens were selected (154 mesiodens of 120 patients). The numbers, shapes, orientation and positional relationship of mesiodens with maxillary central incisors were investigated in the panoramic images. The proximity with the anatomical structures and complications were investigated in the CT images as well. RESULTS: The sex ratio (M : F) was 2.28 : 1 and the mean number of mesiodens per one patient was 1.28. Conical shape was 84.4% and inverted orientation was 51.9%. There were more cases of anatomical structures encroachment, especially on the nasal floor and nasopalatine duct, when the mesiodens was not superimposed with the central incisor. There were, however, many cases of the nasopalatine duct encroachment when the mesiodens was superimpoised with the apical 1/3 of central incisor (52.6%). Delayed eruption (55.6%), crown rotation (66.7%) and crown resorption (100%) were observed when the mesiodens was superimposed with the crown of the central incisor. CONCLUSION: It is possible to predict three dimensional relationship between the impacted mesiodens and the maxillary central incisors in the panoramic images, but more details should be confirmed by the CT images when necessary.

Radiologic study of mandibular foramen of mandibular prognathism by three-dimensional computed tomography / 대한구강악안면방사선학회지

PURPOSE: This study is aimed to evaluate the position of mandibular foramen of mandibula prognathism patients using 3-dimensional CT images in order to reduce the chance of an anesthetic failure of the mandibular nerve and to prevent the damage to the inferior alveolar nerve during the orthognathic surgery. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The control group consist of 30 patients with class I occlusion. The experimental group consist of 44 patients with class III malocclusion. Three-dimensional computed tomography was used to evaluate the position of the mandibular foramina. RESULTS: The distance between mandibular plane and mandibular foramen, class I was 25.385 mm, class III was 23.628 mm. About the distance between occlusal plane and mandibular foramen, class I was 1.478 mm, class III was 5.144 mm. The distance between posterior border plan of mandibular ramus and mandibular foramen had not statistically significant. About the distance between sagittal plane of mandible and mandibular foramen did not also showed statistically significant. CONCLUSION: The result of this study could help the clinicians to apprehend more accurate anatomical locations of the foramina on the mandible with various facial skeletal types. thereby to perform more accurate block anesthesia of the mandibular nerve and osteotomy with minimal nerve damage. In addition, this study could provide fundamental data for any related researches about the location of the mandibular foramina for other purposes.

Relação da gordura visceral abdominal e doença coronária avaliada pela tomografia computadorizada de múltiplos detectores / Relation between visceral fat and coronary artery disease evaluated by multidetector computed tomography

INTRODUÇÃO: A gordura visceral abdominal tem sido associada com os fatores de risco cardiovasculares e com a doença arterial coronária (DAC). A maior parte dos estudos delineados para avaliar o risco atribuído à distribuição da gordura corporal utilizaram as medidas antropométricas para estimar a gordura visceral. Entretanto, quando comparada com as medidas antropométricas tradicionais (circunferência do quadril e relação das medidas da cintura e quadril), a gordura visceral avaliada pela tomografia computadorizada (TC) foi mais intensamente associada aos fatores de risco para DAC. A angiografia por TC com múltiplos detectores é um método diagnóstico em ascensão, permitindo a detecção de DAC obstrutiva e não obstrutiva, acrescentando informação para a estratificação de risco cardiovascular. O objetivo desse estudo foi avaliar a associação entre DAC e as medidas de adiposidade por métodos clínicos e tomográficos. MÉTODOS: Nós avaliamos prospectivamente 125 indivíduos consecutivos (57% eram homens, idade média de 56 ± 12 anos) referenciados para realizar angiografia coronária por TC. As variáveis clínicas e laboratoriais foram determinadas e tomografias cardíacas e abdominais foram realizadas em um tomógrafo com 64 fileiras de detectores. A DAC foi definida pela presença de qualquer placa coronária, calcificada ou não, identificada pela angiografia por TC. As artérias coronárias foram classificadas de acordo com a presença ou não de estenoses significativas (obstrução do diâmetro luminal 50%). As calcificações coronárias foram determinadas pelo escore de cálcio. As medidas de gordura visceral e subcutâneas foram realizadas em diferentes níveis do espaço intervertebral. RESULTADOS: A angiografia por TC detectou DAC em 70 participantes (56%) e nenhuma associação foi encontrada com as medidas antropométricas usuais (circunferências de cintura e quadril e índice de massa corpórea). Entretanto, as medidas das áreas de gordura visceral abdominal (GVA)...

INTRODUCTION: Visceral abdominal fat has been associated with cardiovascular risk factors and coronary artery disease (CAD). Visceral fat is frequently estimated using anthropometric measurements, but computed tomography (CT) studies have shown stronger association with CAD risk than anthropometric variables (waist circumference, waist-to-hip ratio). CT angiography is an emerging technology allowing detection of both obstructive and nonobstructive CAD adding information to clinical risk stratification. The aim of this study was to evaluate the association between CAD and adiposity measurements assessed clinically and by CT. METHODS: We prospectively evaluated 125 consecutive subjects (57% men, age 56.0 ± 12 years) referred to perform CT angiography. Clinical and laboratory data were determined. Cardiac CT and abdominal CT were performed in a 64- slice scanner. CAD was defined as the presence of any plaque detected by CT angiography and stenosis were graded as significant (greater than 50% of luminal narrowing) or nonsiginificant (less than 50%). The presence of coronary calcification was determined by calcium score. Visceral and subcutaneous adiposity measurements were determined at different intervertebral levels. RESULTS: CT angiography detected CAD in 70 (56%) subjects, and no association was found with usual anthropometric adiposity measurements. Nevertheless CT visceral fat area (VFA) was significantly associated to CAD. The mean VFA at the intervertebral locations T12-L1 (VFA L1-T12) and L4-L5 (VFA L4-L5) were 151.2 cm2 and 167.2 cm2, respectively. VFA L1-T12 values 145 cm2 had an odds ratio of 2.85 (95% CI - 1.30 6.26) to CAD and VFA L4-L5 150 cm2 had a 2.87-fold (95% CI - 1.31-6.30) CAD risk. Adiposity measurement was not related to stenosis severity and neither to the presence of coronary calcification. The multivariate analysis determined age and VFA L1-T12 as the only independent variables associated to CAD...

CT diagnosis of acute appendicitis / 中国基层医药

Objective To investigate the value of CT in diagnosis of acuteppendicitis. Methods Acute appendicitis was confirmed by pathology in 30 cases after the operation. CT features of 30 acute appendicitis were analyzed and compared with the surgery and pathological results retrospectively. Results Among of 30 acute appendicitis,20 cases were simple appendicitis,6 cases were acute suppurative appendicitis and 4 cases were appendiceal abscess. 20 cases simple appendicitis showed the appendix enlarged in diameter,with wall thickening in CT imaging. 6 cases acute suppurative appendicitis showed the appendix enlarged in diameter,with wall thickening and periappendiceal inflammation in CT imaging. 4 cases appendiceal abscess showed inflammatory tumors with asymmetrical attenuation in ileocecal region and complicating fluid collection in right iliac fossa and cavity of pelvis in CT imaging. In 4 cases appendiceal abscess,2 cases complicated small intestine obstruction. 7 cases appendiceal fecalith were found in 30 acute appendicitis. Conclusion CT scanning can illustrate feature of acute appendicitis and make correct diagnosis,and can provide important information for clinician.

Rectal Cancer Presenting Tumor Thrombosis in the Inferior Vena Cava and Common Iliac Vein: Case Report

We report the radiologic findings of a rectal carcinoma case with tumor thrombus in the inferior vena cava and left common iliac vein of a 48-year-old woman. The patient complained of swelling in the left leg and consequently underwent a lymphoscintigraphy, CT venography, abdominal CT, PET-CT, pelvis MRI, and ultrasound doppler. The rectal cancer was determined via a colonoscopy. The tissue biopsy of tumor thrombus in the IVC was done during insertion of IVC filter and poorly differentiated adenocarcinoma was revealed by pathology.

Correlative factors of cognitive impairment in patients with lacunar infarcts / 药物分析学报

Objective To study the relationships between cognitive impairment in patients with lacunar infarcts and quantitative CT measures and to determine the independent correlative factors of cognitive impairment. Methods Neuropsychological examination was conducted for 128 patients with acute lacunar infarct. Number, location, and volume of infarcts, cerebral atrophy index and severity of white matter lesions (WMLs) were measured and recorded. Results The number of lacunar infarcts in cognitive impairment (CI) group was significantly larger than that in cognitive normal (CN) group. Mean width of sulcus and sylvian fissure, index of frontal horn and ventricular-brain ratio (VBR) were significantly different in both groups. There were more patients with 3 grades or 4 grades WMLs in CI group (62%) than those in CN group (22%). The total volume of lacunar infarcts showed no statistically significant difference. Logistic regression analysis indicated that the number of lacunar infarcts in frontal subcortex and thalamus, the volume of infarcts in anterior periventricular white matter, width of cerebral sulcus and sylvian fissure were correlated with cognitive impairment respectively. Additionally, age and education were correlative factors of cognitive impairment in patients with lacunar infarct. Conclusion Correlative factors of cognitive impairment in patients with lacunar infarct are not merely one feature, but a combination of infarct features (number, location, and volume), cortical atrophy and host factors (age and education).

Correlative factors of cognitive impairment in patients with lacunar infarcts / 西安交通大学学报·英文版

Objective: To study the relationships between cognitive impairment in patients with lacunar infarcts and quantitative CT measures and to determine the independent correlative factors of cognitive impairment. Methods: Neuropsychological examination was conducted for 128 patients with acute lacunar infarct. Number, location, and volume of infarcts, cerebral atrophy index and severity of white matter lesions (WMLs) were measured and recorded. Results: The number of lacunar infarcts in cognitive impairment (CI) group was significantly larger than that in cognitive normal (CN) group. Mean width of sulcus and sylvian fissure, index of frontal horn and ventricular-brain ratio (VBR) were significantly different in both groups. There were more patients with 3 grades or 4 grades WMLs in CI group (62%) than those in CN group (22%). The total volume of lacunar infarcts showed no statistically significant difference. Logistic regression analysis indicated that the number of lacunar infarcts in frontal subcortex and thalamus, the volume of infarcts in anterior periventricular white matter, width of cerebral sulcus and sylvian fissure were correlated with cognitive impairment respectively. Additionally, age and education were correlative factors of cognitive impairment in patients with lacunar infarct. Conclusion: Correlative factors of cognitive impairment in patients with lacunar infarct are not merely one feature, but a combination of infarct features (number, location, and volume), cortical atrophy and host factors (age and education).